Analysis of the Unforgiven

Examination of Unforgiven Brenda J. Thompson ENG 225: Introduction to Film Nathaniel Millard October 5, 2009 Summary While the film Unforgiven (1992) coordinated and featuring Clint Eastwood, as William Munny, is in the class of a western in the late 1800’s. It has an essential subject that we are as yet making motion pictures about today, equity and what is worthy and what isn't satisfactory as we continued looking for it. It is an account of an excursion that one man needs to make with the goal for him to think about his kids however it winds up being quite a lot more of an excursion than he envisions. This film is a definitive of good versus abhorrent on two or three distinct levels. It is hero versus miscreant and it is the insidiousness inside battling the great inside and the consistent fights that both of these various levels bring to the principle character and different characters of this film. Does equity win in this film? Level of Ambition This movie’s level of aspiration was that of a regular Clint Eastwood film, clear, profound and disputable. Clint Eastwood is referred to through his characters as the hard, brilliant talking, simple, terrified of nothing type threw entertainer thus his movies that are coordinated by him carry an unheard of level to that kind of character. He carries the milder side to these characters that we don't hope to see. He uncovers the inward predicament inside his character to show that since somebody has done some extremely awful things in their lives that doesn't imply that they don't have interior battles between what is correct and what's going on. The cognizance of the blame, the approval, and the avocation of what he is doing, eats at him and his inward battles that accompany recognizing what he has done however appears to decrease over the length of the film. It appears to get simpler for him to acknowledge what should be done and simply does it despite the fact that he no longer needs to do it. Topical Elements The focal thought of this film is shamefulness and what can happen when a treachery is made right subjective depending on each person's preferences. This film had hit on a few alternate points of view with respect to its concentration and was reliant whereupon character it was featuring at that point. One of those points of view being from that of the primary character William and his steady fight inside himself to remain consistent with his decency and not to permit the old underhandedness side out. Another point of view is that of the working ladies who simply need to be regarded and not feel just as they are close to home property. The Sheriff, Little Bill, who was played by Gene Hackman had obviously another point of view all in all circumstance which was to play off the whole trial by fining the two guilty parties as opposed to capturing them. All things considered, this film secured a few classifications with respect to a focal thought and subordinate thoughts. In spite of the fact that I saw bad form as the focal thought, I additionally felt that there were different classes that were addressed. Truth of human instinct (Boggs and Petrie, 2008, pg. 26) and how despite the fact that this occurred in 1880 you could even now feel the bad form today and feel those emotions that were depicted by the characters needing to make this privilege in spite of the fact that not all the characters needed to make it directly for similar reasons. The social issues that were in this film, which were the violations against ladies, social acknowledgment and the draw that cash has consistently and perpetually will have on us as a general public are as yet predominant today thusly we can comprehend and acknowledge what's going on. We know now as a general public that we can't go rogue however in 1880 it was pervasive and increasingly worthy hence we can relate as possibly we wish he could in some cases go rogue and make a foul play right when one has been wronged. Setting and Set Design The shooting occurred in the wild of Alberta, Canada and one scene (the train scene) in California. Most of the scenes were either out in the wild or inside the modest community of Big Whiskey’s cantina and the adjoining central avenue throughout the fall and winter period of 1880. The structures were dull, little and bleak within and because of the way that most of the film occurred in the evening time hours and it was blustery more than not, the outside was similarly as melancholy as within. The lighting was insignificant as it would have been in those days carrying disposition with it. The foretelling of the turbulent climate worked in making this film what it was, the downpour appeared to tell you when something was coming. As much as the wild view was excellent, I discovered it made light of by the boring shades of the ensembles and the non utilization of shading all through the whole film. It appeared just as the main time shading was utilized was controlled by what that specific scene was about. For example, as English Bob came into town the main thing of shading was the boring red of the stagecoach, so we realized whoever was in that stagecoach would turn into a significant character to a scene coming up, everything else was a quieted earth tone of tan, earthy colored, green and blue. As expressed in our content an executive may basically let their settings simply be a background and let the move of that scene make over. (Boggs and Petrie, 2008, pg. 74) This was actually how this film was advised; it centered around the story as opposed to glamorizing it with beautiful ensembles and landscape. We expected to see the dullness of the subject in the quieted shades of the film. Another scene that demonstrated a fly of shading was that of William (Eastwood) and Ned (Freeman) were having a discussion where William was attempting to cause himself and his companion to accept that he was not, at this point a detestable individual, he did not drink anymore and did not execute anymore and by then their ponies strolled past some brilliant yellow hued trees which just carried a feeling of cheerfulness to that segment of the film. As though by advocating his decency it genuinely made him a decent man, the approval from his companion was required by him as an update that he truly was a decent man, that this couldn’t make him an awful man again on the grounds that he had been useful for such a long time. Sound and Score The primary scene of the film was that of William Munny out there keeping an eye on his cultivating as the sun set on the opposite side of him. The main sound around then was that of an extremely delicate playing guitar that had the sentiment of a number, delicate and delicate. For the rest of the film the sound and scores were exceptionally insignificant. Common outside sounds, creatures, the breeze, downpour were the sounds heard more often than not. Music was insignificant and was utilized for sensational stops when no words were important and the message expected to soak in or to develop to an up and coming scene. The delicateness of the music was quieting and not very tyrannical particularly in the activity parts of the film when a few executives shout music. Clint Eastwood in this film decided to utilize music to â€Å"reinforce the rhythms of the action† (Boggs and Petrie, 2008, pg. 375) rather than focusing on it. He utilized music a similar way he utilized his hues. I found that during the delicate intelligent snapshots of the film that the music was that of a sole guitar or extremely delicate music and when it included somewhat more activity a symphony was included. The most significant sound of everything was that of the downpour. Contingent on the message coming through had the effect between how hard it was coming down and how uproarious it was heard. Not exclusively was the downpour portending yet in addition the sound of the lightning storm that was utilized. It was telling us that something was coming, something would occur and it was an essential piece of the film. Giving and Acting Performances A role as it is clarified in (Boggs and Petrie, 2008, Introduction to Film) â€Å"In the selection of entertainers, one chief may take the protected, sure route by throwing set up stars in jobs fundamentally the same as jobs they have played previously. † Clint Eastwood is notable for his solidified characters and his involvement with westerns. I was unable to envision some other on-screen character depicting William Munny. Clint Eastwood brings to the table a solidified character that changes himself from a heartless killer to a caring spouse and father back to his solidified man that needs to make equity where there was none. Little Bill (Hackman) was a run of the mill sheriff of the time where he laid that law with an iron clench hand and was going to lay that law any way that he could. In the film you need to accept that Little Bill is one of the heroes yet at long last he is no better than the men he was attempting to run off. In one scene Hackman was clarifying that he didn't care for men of no character or professional killers however in obvious life truly was no superior to them yet defended it to himself with his identification. Morgan Freeman played Ned, William Munny’s old shrewd accomplice. He had likewise resigned from the slaughtering fields and was presently a rancher hitched to his Indian spouse, Sally Two Trees. Ned genuinely accepted he could support his old accomplice yet before the finish of the film had understood that he could no longer execute somebody and decided to come back to his significant other yet not before being caught by Little Bill’s group and at last slaughtered. Freeman brings a feeling of smoothness, dependability and inside and out warmth to the film and separates the distinct brutality of William Munny’s character and the haracter of Scolfield Kid, played by Jaimz Woolvett, a youngster hoping to bring in some cash however has no involvement in that of a paid professional killer or of life encounters by and large. He was a straightforward character however one that developed all through the film to make an acknowledgment that his view point on a celebrated demonstration has pointedly turned and took another course. As the charact ers appear to supplement one another and the entirety of the on-screen characters appeared to fit each character perfectly, there are not very numerous entertainers in my psyche that could have satisfied the on-screen characters that were picked for these jobs. I discovered one character level yet simply because she was composed that way, I don't accuse the on-screen character as I might suspect she worked superbly,

Ladies Of Missalonghi Essay Example For Students

Women Of Missalonghi Essay The writer of the book, The Ladies of Missalonghi, by Colleen McCullough portrays to the peruser how Missy, an ugly lady, in a modest community varies from Alicia. Missy, the girl of Drusilla didn't generally have any fearlessness in herself. She would start by thinking about what she truly resembled. The house possessed just one mirror, in the washroom, and it was taboo to stand and look at ones reflection. Therefore Missys impressions of herself were supported with blame that she may have remained excessively long looking. Goodness, she realized she was very tall, she realized she was extremely meager, she realized her hair was straight and dim, that her eyes were dark earthy colored, and her nose unfortunately messed up because of a fall as a kid. She realized her mouth hung down at its left corner and turned up at its right, however she didnt know how this made her uncommon grins intriguing and her ordinary serious articulation a jokester like tragicomedy(Pg.35-36). Missy didnt t ruly give close consideration to what she truly looked preferred. It didnt matter how ladies showed up in those days as how it does today. They assume that its fiendishness to take a gander at oneself in the mirror, and that its prohibited for a lady to see her own picture. Life had instructed her to consider herself an unattractive individual, yet something in her wouldn't accept that completely, would not be persuaded by any measure of coherent proof. So every night she would think about what she looked like(Pg.36). She comprehended what she truly resembled, however her cognizant was revealing to her extraordinary. It resembled she had something in her that was truly separating her from her loved ones. Indeed, even in her mid-twenties she was as yet treated unreasonably. Her mom looked down at her and didn't value any of the things that she did. Any pip-dreams Drusilla may have harbored about Missys growing up to grab the women of Missalonghi out of penury through a fantastic marr iage kicked the bucket before Missy turned at that point; she was in every case plain and unprepossessing(Pg. 39). What her mom imagined Missy to be had been evaporated when Missy was around ten. Her mom lost destiny in her before she even got an opportunity to demonstrate her tolerability. Missy additionally was living in her own dreamland. Her mom was against her from perusing sentiment books since it was wrong to think about adoration. She was break inside for she believed she will never encounter love, accordingly this made her significantly increasingly inspired by sentiment and love. She additionally grew up into a family where love was underhanded and terrible. She likewise never felt that cozy enthusiasm that she constantly needed to feel. Her mom may have caused her to put stock in different things that wasnt valid, however she wasnt going to maintain it. Missy felt that she was in-slaved by her mom and her aunties. Her mom caused her to do all the errands in any event, when she was debilitated to such an extent that she couldnt move up. At the point when she became so ill and swooned, her mom and auntie were stressing over who would do the tasks. She resembled Cinderella who was deserted to clean and do everything. In any event, when she went out to go get something, she generally contemplated draining the dairy animals and that she needed to rush back before her mom would get frantic at her. She had such a major duty, that she didnt possess any energy for anybody, not in any event, for her self to appreciate. Goodness let it not be earthy colored! Implored Missy. I need a red dress! A trim dress in the kind of red that makes your eyes swim when you look t its that is the thing that I want!?brown, Drusilla completed finally, and sighed(Pg.51). She needed an earthy colored dress out of the considerable number of hues she needed to pic k from. She generally felt that she coordinated earthy colored best beside different hues. The shading earthy colored which caused her figure considerably more to obscure, is the shading that she loved best. I see how disillusioning this must be, yet the reality of the situation is, Missy, that no other shading turns into your half so well as earthy colored! In pastels you look wiped out, in dark you look embittered, in naval force you are at passings entryway, and the pre-winter tones transform you into a Red Indian(Pg.51). Indeed, even her own mom didn't have any trust in her. She proposes that she wears an earthy colored dress since it coordinates her best. She turned out to be extremely vexed that her mom believed that earthy colored was the main shading she loved. She truly preferred the pastel dress a ton and was thrilled. Earthy colored; what an appalling color(pg. 66). She detested the shading earthy colored, however she wears it the most. Missy, similar to a shadow who was never seen is starting to come out of the dull. Missy likewise has a genuine heart issue. Every once in a while she would black out and not realize that she swooned. Her mom didnt truly give a lot of consideration to Missy, and her disease. They all had more genuine stuff to deal with than her disease. Her mom and her auntie were stressing over who would have been the following Ladies of Missalonghi and that who was a lot prettier. She additionally had a cousin by the name of Alicia Marshall. A genuinely perfect animal, Alicia Marshall. Extremely tall and based on well proportioned at this point taught lines, she was radiantly reasonable of skin and hair and eyes, with delightful hands and feet, and a swanlike neck. As usual, she was wearing flawless taste, and wore her ice-blue silk outfit (eyelet weaved, its shorter overskirt elegantly pointed) with exceptional energy and grace(pg.47) Alicia was unique in relation to Missy. She wore exceptionally overall quite rich garments and lo oked awesome. She is likewise a similar age as Missy, yet with an entire diverse disposition and stance. Alicia showed up in an engine vehicle, which in those days just the affluent had engine vehicles. She likewise was chauffeured and was dealt with like a sovereign. Despite the fact that they were both a similar age; Alicia could begin her own cap store, not at all like Missy who was still at home and being bossed around. It appeared as if Missy had no public activity, and that she never knew how the outside world resembled. Her mom likewise regarded her like a kid just as she didn't have anything to live for. They assume that Alicia has everything, she has the look, the riches, and the men kissing at her feet. Alicia had a personal connection and found what love was. She had sentiment and made the most of her regular day to day existence. She didnt care about what others would think since she had her magnificence to depend on. Indeed, even Missys mother regarded Alicia, she lost her fantasies and trust in Missy along these lines she moved it towards Alicia. As lovely and brilliant the town thought Alicia was, she escaped with the escort to get hitched. As I have portrayed the contrasts among Missy and Alicia, their jobs change. Missy at last discovers her sentiment and love, and the closeness she constantly needed. Her better half, a well off man, makes her a player in his organization and Alicia escapes with a driver who makes not as much as what she made at her cap store. Missy at long last ventures out from home and the torment from her mom and aunties. .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc , .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc .postImageUrl , .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc , .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc:hover , .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc:visited , .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc:active { border:0!important; } .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc:active , .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc:hover { obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u0ec36 2a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u0ec362a1fc1823e5b355bed8230315cc:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: A Clockwork Orange EssayBibliographyMcCullough, Colleen. The Ladies of Missalonghi. New York, New York. Avon Books, Inc. 1987

The Matrix COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

The Matrix COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I am hesitant sometimes to use personal experience/opinions when blogging about admissions issues, but every once in a while I will toss in a cultural reference that I understand maybe not everyone will understand.   We have applicants from over 100 countries each year and I understand that not everyone may understand the context, but I try to add enough detail to make the point understood. One of my favorite movies is The Matrix.   I remember pondering the plot for days after I first saw it.   A good movie for me is one that makes me think for a while after seeing it.   I was not huge fan of the second and third installments, I think they should have left it at one movie, but such is the Hollywood model of producing sequels when a first installment of a film is a hit. Anyway, for those who have not seen the movie the plot is based upon machines that set up a virtual reality called the Matrix.   Computer programs are written to provide humans with a world that they believe is real, but is not.   Humans are connected to the Matrix and do not physically live in the world, rather they live life as if a character in a computer program.   Why?   Well the machines wanted to tame humans and use them as energy sources after the war between machines and man cut off sunlight to the earth of course!   If you have not seen the movie, no, sleep deprivation from my travel schedule has not caused me to go off the deep end, it really is the plot =) What does this have to do with admissions?   Well I think that sometimes we buy into a sort of Matrix regarding goals we wish to accomplish in life.   In some cases our society convinces us that there is a formula associated with the goals people have or achievements we seek to accomplish.   Admission to graduate school is a goal many have and society has led many to believe that admission to a graduate program is a Matrix.   Why do I believe this?   Primarily because two of the most common questions I have been asked as I have been traveling this fall are: What is the average GPA required for someone to gain admission? What are the average GRE scores of an incoming student? These are two questions that I dodge like an adept politician (or should I say like Neo dodging bullets?).   Why?   Well two primary reasons are the diversity of age in our applicant pool along with the fact that we receive applications from over 100 countries each year.   Last year we received transcripts from close to 900 different universities and the youngest enrolled student this year is 21 and the oldest is 51.   With so many countries, universities, teaching styles, and grading systems you might think that it would not be fair to establish a singular standard for all applicants.   I agree no single standard should be used to judge all applicants to SIPA. We evaluate each applicant as an individual and the process is very holistic.   There is no Matrix.   Each person has a different story, background, education, experience, and goals.   Yes, we do look at GPA and test scores, but we put them in context and scores and grades are relative to the experience of an applicant. Another example I could use to state why average GPA is not important is strength of schedule.   One applicant may have a “soft” academic record in terms of courses chosen while another applicant chose very challenging courses and achieved a lower GPA than an applicant who chose an easier pathway.   Should we punish the applicant that chose the more challenging path?   The Admissions Committee does not believe so. How about the GRE?   Would it be fair to expect that an applicant that speaks English as a third language should score as well on the verbal portion of the GRE as someone who speaks English as a native language?   Again I believe the answer is “no.” I do understand the desire of applicants to have information regarding GPA and GRE.   It is valid to seek an answer to the question, “How can I tell where I stand in terms of previous successful applicants to your program?” I will offer up a few comments, none of which ever puts anyone totally at ease, but bear with me. First, the younger someone is the more attention we pay to grades and test scores.   Why?   Well younger people have less work experience.   The older someone is, the more we might give them a “break” in terms of grades and test scores.   I would not expect that a 51 year old applicant would do as well on the GRE as someone that is 21 and just graduating.   However the 51 year old has decades of experience that the 21 year old does not. Second, overall GPA is not as important as grades in particular courses.   Let’s say that an applicant majored in Economics and had a GPA of 3.1.   Perhaps this applicant went “off the board” and took some challenging classes that were unrelated to their major.   Maybe he or she got a “C” in a Sociology of Religion class.   Intellectual curiosity is admirable and average grades in a few classes may not be looked upon as a negative, but rather as a positive for wanting to expand one’s intellectual development. I hope you understand where I am going with all of this â€" there is no formula we use to admit a student.   I know this still will not put you totally at ease so I will offer one final comment on test scores.   On the GRE we look more at percentiles than we do number scores.   Let’s say you scored a 680 on the quantitative portion of the GRE.   This may have put you in the 71st percentile meaning that 29% of those that took the exam scored better than you, and 69% scored lower than you. As a general guideline I can say the following regarding percentiles as viewed by the Admissions Committee at SIPA: The low 80s to the high 90s could be considered superior The low 70s to the low 80s could be considered excellent The low 60s to the low 70s could be considered good Scores in the 50s could be considered fair However, again realize that this scale is relative and we have no cutoffs.   An applicant may speak English as a third language and thus might have scored below the 50th percentile on the verbal portion of the GRE.   At the same time, this applicant could have scored very well on the TOEFL exam and the Committee will take this into account. And perhaps someone completed extensive quantitative coursework in college but is not a good test taker and does not do well on the GRE.   It is typical for us to use academic transcripts as more of a barometer of ability than test scores. I realize this entry will not put everyone at ease (just like watching the 2nd and 3rd installments of the Matrix left me unsettled) but I hope it helps provide insight on how we review applicants for our program.   We do not use a formula or Matrix to admit students and you simply need to do your best in telling a compelling story in your application.   A compelling story is told by how you weave your application together.   Who you choose for recommendation writers, what you choose to write about in your personal statement, what you choose to include in your resume, and yes your grades and test scores also are all parts of your story. We look to admit applicants that are intellectually curious, committed to causes, possess diversity of experience, and are capable of handling our rigorous curriculum.   This mix does not lend itself well to formulas.   I have learned over the years that a bit of skepticism can be a healthy thing.   Be skeptical when society tells you there is one way to achieve something.   In the policy world is takes all kinds of people to make a difference, and we look to admit a class that we believe will assist the coming generations in addressing challenging policy problems â€" hopefully problems that do not include machines taking over our minds =)

Ideas Of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, And Jacque Rousseau

Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jacque Rousseau are all highly regarded as great political philosophers of their time. Many nations have used their strong rhetoric to create their own civil rights and liberties in order to get away from imperial monarchs. Although they had very different ideas compared to one another, their thoughts and essays are studied in depth when thinking about the world of politics today. If one was to look at these three philosophers in today’s political climate, many would view Hobbes as a conservative, Locke as a moderate, and Rousseau as a liberal. Depending on how one may feel about the world they live in today, one will have a very different opinion on these three philosophers, given the society and government†¦show more content†¦He sees fault and selfishness in the basic nature of people. Hobbes views the lack of morality in men instead of the potential of a harmonious society that could be. However, he believes that this can all be altered when a strong, central, and authoritative government is present. The idea of a government, or a social contract, to Hobbes is the notion of a collective agreement by the population to give up all freedoms and powers to a sole ruler. Hobbes believes that to negate all of the norms of negative human nature a strong government is needed to control rather than to represent its citizens and their sovereign nation. To do that Hobbes believes that an authoritarian monarchy would be the most legitimate and effective government. Under this government, a sole leader would dictate all of the rights and freedom of its people. To Hobbes, the government is there to impose laws and order in order to prevent a state of war. When reading Hobbes’ essays, I did not agree with the negative state of nature that he proposes. I do not see people as having a lack morals and therefore do not agree that a monarch is needed to â€Å"fix† all of these flaws. 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Hobbes visualizes aRead MoreRousseau, Locke, and Hobbes Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pagesthe grounds of equality, justice, and freedom. Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were all members of The Enlightenment movement, and each had their own idea on how human society should be structured and run. Locke and Hobbes lived around the same time, and some of their political theories were the same, however, by the time Rousseau came along, much had changed. Born in Geneva to a middle class watch maker, Jean-Jacques Rousseau was to become one of the most influential thinkersRead MoreConceptions of the Social Contract Theory924 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau were political philosophers who formulated their own version of the social contract theory. The social contract theory is a treaty or an agreement that developed a set of laws, organized a functional society, and created the need to be governed. 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It highlights what is innate and natural about human life, as opposed to what human beings have gained from education or throughRead MoreThe Social Contract Theories Of Thomas Hobbes And John Locke1210 Words   |  5 Pagesand contrast the social contract theories of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke In the beginning of time, there was no government to regulate man. This caused a burden on society and these hardships had to be conquered, which is when a social contract was developed. The social contract theory is a model that addresses the questions of the origin of society and the legitimacy of the authority of the state over an individual (Bahuleyan). It rests on the idea that every person has certain natural and evident

Californias Direct Means of Democracy Essay - 1336 Words

California is a democratic republic consisting of three branches of government. The first is the executive branch, i.e. the governor and a group of elected constitutional officers. Second is the judicial branch which consists of the Supreme Court of California and the various local courts. Officials are appointed by the Governor and ratified in the next general election. The third branch of government in California is the legislative branch. It is a bicameral body which includes California’s Senate and Assembly. The Assembly makes up the lower house of the California State Legislature and consists of eighty members, one representative from each county, who serve for up to three two year terms. There are forty state senators who are able†¦show more content†¦In 1910, California Progressive Party member Hiram Johnson ran for governor. â€Å"Restore absolute sovereignty to the people that we may yet live in a free republic† was his slogan. In years prior to the election Californians began to notice a trend in their state government. Californians were not being represented properly by the legislature (Kesler). This is a reflection of California at the time. The gold rush had brought massive amounts of people into the state. This led to an unprecedented opportunity for new business. The Southern Pacific Railroad among other big business infiltrated politics and corruption followed for decades. Law makers passed laws which benefited them. The Progressives sought to give the people greater say in making and dismantling legislation. In doing so the Legislative branch lost power. To accomplish their goal in 1911 they enacted the ballot measures in order for citizens to bypass legislature approval and have a measure placed on the ballot. An initiative is a proposal for a new law that allows any citizen or organization to gather a state defined amount of citizen signatures to qualify. Another ballot measure enacted by the Progressives is a popular eferendum. This allows citizens to create a ballot measure to repeal a specific legislative act by gaining a predetermined number of signatures. â€Å"Voters ratified these amendments in a special election of October 10, 1911† (Initiative Reform Institute). Since their enactment,Show MoreRelatedThe Current Realities Of Poverty And Homeliness1155 Words   |  5 Pagesexplains it, poverty did not trade one location for the other but instead affected both cities and suburbs as it grew. Second, given the much larger size of suburbia— its population is more than double that of cities—â€Å"keeping pace† on the poverty rate means that the suburban poor population expanded by a much greater margin than the poor population in cities (20). Poverty simply kept pace with the migration from the metropolitan core to the suburbs. The economic realities that creates the rise in povertyRead MoreWhat It Means To Be A Citizen1010 Words   |  5 PagesWhat does it mean to be a citizen? To the ancient Greeks, a private—uninformed—person was not considered complete, and they were â€Å"referred to as an idiÃ… tÄ“s† (Ginsberg et al. 9). Part of the reason why political opinions vary so far from person to person is in part due to the amount of political knowledge that each individual has. A person who stays informed on current political events weekly by reading newspaper articles will be able to understand our current government structure better than someoneRead MoreThe American Voting System1427 Words   |  6 PagesThe American voting system is one of the basic pillars of democracy in this country; American citizens benefit from having a direct relationship with their government and the people who serve the country within it. However, there is a major flaw that prevents the American votin g system from achieving its highest level of greatness: the Electoral College. The Electoral College refers to the process in which the President and Vice-President are elected and it assigns â€Å"electors† to each state basedRead MorePresidential Election Of 2000 : George W. Bush1516 Words   |  7 Pagesduring elections in American government. This is a misconstrued idea of the topic. The number of electoral votes is based on your states population which means states with higher population have the same percentage of higher votes however what this does do is leave out every voter that is in the minority in your state. Say during an election California’s population was to be split 47% vs. 53% the side with 53% would get 55 votes while 47% of the state’s vote wouldn’t matter. If the U.S. was based on theRead MoreCalifornia Proposition 131368 Words   |  6 PagesHow Does Proposition 13 Affect California’s Economy? In 1994, Money Magazine published an article that portrayed the way through which Proposition 13 ruined the economy of California. The article claimed that the snowballing effects of Proposition 13 led to the reduction in family incomes, the loss of around 600,000 jobs, and the recession in the 90s (Cashill, 2007). According to the article, the proposition had a huge impact on the poor performance of California’s economy. Reducing family incomesRead MoreCalifornia s Statutory Prohibit Marriage949 Words   |  4 PagesQUESTION PRESENTED 1) Whether California’s statutory prohibit marriage between two persons of the same sex violate the California Constitution by denying equal protection of laws to gay, bi-sexual, lesbians and transgender a right to marry, or by denying the right to privacy and freedom of expression? BRIEF ANSWER No. Because the Constitution was written for a man and a woman to marry based on religion and would be a direct violation of what we have been taught all of our lives. Such a profoundRead MoreHistory and Purpose of the US Constitution Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesas plays an important role in how American democracy and government works. The 13 original states were individual colonies before independence in 1777, they adopted a federalist system and for 13 years they were independent units under the Articles of Confederation. Under Article II of the Articles of Confederation, â€Å"each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every Power, jurisdiction and right†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lowi, 2007, pg. 22). As a direct result the states had retained too much powerRead MoreIs Too Much Initiative A Bad Thing?2238 Words   |  9 Pages Is Too Much Initiative A Bad Thing?: The Benefits of Using Direct Democracy at the State Level and How We Can Make It Better Sarah Millard June 2, 2015 POSC 171 Dr. Collingwoodâ€Æ' At what point do you pronounce democracy dead? Is it dead only if a totalitarian regime takes control, or could democracy be pronounced dead when it simply has become so watered-down that the public’s participation in political activity is merely tradition or purely for aesthetics? On August 8, 1911, theRead MorePresident of the United States and Civil Liberties Essay3182 Words   |  13 PagesWomens Suffrage -Gives women the power to vote - Amendment XXVI- Suffrage for 18-Year-Olds- Voting age moved to 18 2. Drawing upon your understanding of the essential functions of legislatures, as well as the basic characteristics of California’s State legislature, as presented in Matthew Jarvis’s chapter on the California State legislature in California Government in National Perspective, explain the most important similarities and differences between the U.S. Congress and the CaliforniaRead MoreDemocracy Derailed Essay2317 Words   |  10 PagesDemocracy Derailed looks at the initiative process, the effects of that process and asked the question, Is this a good way to make public policy? I feel that even though the process is not perfect it is a great way to allow the average citizen more power in policy making. The History Democracy Derailed begins with addressing the evolution of the initiative process. During the first twenty years in Plymouth Colonies, all adult men met to consider legislation. In 1715, Massachusetts had

The Special Education for the Visually Impaired Free Essays

Special education has come a long way since the room down the hall with the crayon books and easy work. There was a time that special education students were placed together in a classroom, given easy work to do that would not challenge them and provided separate recesses and lunch periods so that they would not mingle with the regular education students. It was a stigma that nobody wanted for their child but it wasn’t until the mid-1960’s that it began to change. We will write a custom essay sample on The Special Education for the Visually Impaired or any similar topic only for you Order Now Beginning with Brown vs the school board lawsuit, stemming from a Black student who wanted to attend a predominately white school, the life of a special education student has transformed significantly. Today, special education students are protected from discrimination and segregation by federal and state laws. Students with special learning needs are educated in the least restrictive environment and school systems are ordered to accommodate their special needs so that the playing field will be level for their educational journey. Blind students are classified special education by the very nature of their disability. They are classified as such so that the federal education statutes with regards to special education can protect them from being segregated or shunned by the regular education system. Blind students have their inability to see in common, however, outside of that they are as individual and diverse as their sighted peers. There are federal guidelines in place regarding the education and interventions that pertain to blind students however. A student who is blind can present challenges when it comes to behavioral interventions because some of the tried and true methods are not applicable when it comes to a blind student. Making a student write an essay, write sentences or run laps is not feasible when the student needing the intervention is blind. While many behavioral interventions that apply to sighted students will in fact work with blind students it is important to have alternative plans in place for the behavior intervention of those who cannot see. When the Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 was passed, educators, parents and students began to hammer out plans and pathways to the fair treatment and education of those who had special needs. The students who were blind had previously been sent off to schools for the blind, where they only associated with other blind students, worked with blind geared materials and learned that they were blind in a sighted world. Today, blind students who want to attend regular public schools are not only encouraged to do so they are given the right by federal law to do so, and the school must take whatever steps are needed to allow that education(Anderson, 2004). The 1997 Amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the resulting final federal regulations published in 1999 describe related services as an essential component of a free, appropriate public education (FAPE) for many students with disabilities(Anderson, 2004). † Those related services include everything from transportation to counseling services that will assist the special education student in their quest to receive a public education with their peers. Every special education student, including those who are blind is provided with an IEP (Individualized Education Plan). This plan outlines the student’s educational needs, the way those needs will be met and what accommodations will be provided by the school system in providing that education(Zabriskie, 2003). While the federal law protects all special education students there are areas of interest that are specifically geared to the education of blind students(Kozub, 2006). As part and parcel of an blind student’s IEP it is important to consider the disability and remember its limitations when planning the student’s curriculum, extra curricular activities and physical education abilities. Because a blind student is often at a disadvantage when it comes to physical activity in both during the routine school curriculum and the aspects of physical education the IEP team must consider alternatives to include these elements in the school day. In addition the IEP team must consider appropriate behavior interventions for the blind student that acts out due to frustration about not being able to participate as fully as their sighted peers. This frustration may be from the child’s anger at his or her limitations or may be founded in messages being sent to that student by well meaning parents who are concerned about their child’s physical development as well as educational development. â€Å"The need for heightened levels of fitness in order to navigate barriers found in both home and community settings is important for children and adults with visual impairments. This is a critical mobility issue for children given the need for independence in daily living activities that increases with age and becomes a necessity during adulthood. In addition, issues of mobility within the larger community are a concern later in adulthood if individuals who lack vision rely on public transportation (which may or may not be accessible depending on fitness levels needed to independently reach bus stops). In all, it is imperative that adequate levels of physical activity are encouraged in children and adolescents with visual impairments to facilitate independence into adulthood. The following study is an initial investigation using a family systems framework of activity levels in a select group of children and adolescents with visual impairments(Kozub, 2006). † These and other concerns raise a need for behavioral interventions that are specifically geared to meet the needs of blind students(Robinson, 2001). â€Å"School success may be minimal for students who have difficulties building social relationships and ultimately fail at developing social competence. As a result, social skills training is often provided to increase pro-social interaction. Despite evidence of the effectiveness of teaching appropriate social functioning, there is concern about generalization and maintenance of learned skills(Gilles, 2003). † Blind students are at a specific disadvantage in the regular classroom setting. They are unable to determine when the classroom is noisy when it is appropriate to speak out, when it is appropriate to remain quiet and how to gain the teacher’s attention by finding her by sight then moving toward her(Bricker, 2004). It is situations such as these that create a problem when it comes to behavior for the blind student. Not only are inappropriate behaviors a risk when a student is frustrated by being blind, but there are every day behaviors that must be addressed for the blind student and the regular education student to blend into a classroom and create a positive and cohesive learning environment. A student who cannot see where the teacher is to gain his or her attention will often times yell out or shout out the teacher’s name. This can not only be disruptive to the classroom from a educational standpoint, but it can also provide a foundation for mimic behavior from the sighted students(Prochaska, 2002). A classroom with 15-23 students all shouting out names of the teacher or others that are needed will quickly become an impossible learning environment. It is important to develop a behavioral intervention for such situations and implement that intervention with the blind student(Bricker, 2004). One intervention would be to provide the blind student with a bell, with which he could ring it once and then patiently wait for the teacher to either arrive at the desk or verbally let the student know he or she will be there momentarily. A blind student may become loud and disruptive when frustrated or angry. It is important for teachers to understand that the frustration may not be with any one person in particular but may in fact be about not being sighted the way the other students in the classroom are. It is important o have appropriate behavior interventions in place from the beginning so that the students who are blind can depend on the consistent response to certain behaviors. When a student acts out and become verbally loud and disruptive it can be disruptive for the entire classroom. Whereas a sighted student can be told to go to the hall or go to the principal the sending of a blind student is more complicated as they will require an aide to accompany them. If less drastic attempts to reduce the undesired behavior are not successful then an aide should be appointed to escort the student from the classroom, however, there should be mandated approaches built into the student’s IEP for behavioral interventions before that point arrives. One step that can be taken in behavior intervention with a blind student is to have the student learn how to self direct the anger. If he or she is feeling frustrated it is important that the student have a place to vent that frustration so that it does not come out in inappropriate behaviors in the classroom. Allowing that student to be excused to talk to the guidance counselor about the current frustration is one behavior intervention that will allow the student to address the frustration while at the same time preserving the integrity of the classroom setting and the lessons being taught to the remaining students. Another approach to redirecting undesired behavior will be touch and sound. A blind student cannot read social cues from other students and teachers by the look on their face. It is important to help the student who is blind find ways to read social cues using the other senses. Teachers should instruct the seeing students in ways to use hearing and touch to convey cues to the students who are blind. In addition the students that are blind should be guided in listening to voice cues and other sounds that can clue them to the social attitudes and feelings of those around them. It is important that blind student intervention programs provide clear cut guidelines in helping the students redirect themselves and their behavior to more acceptable avenues. It is important for teachers and students to recognize the very real limitations that a blind student must face on a daily basis. The student who is educated in a regular education classroom is subjected to a well rounded experience, while at the same time must face frustrations that he or she would not have to deal with in a school for the blind. It is important that behavior interventions for the blind student take into consideration the disability and how that disability impacts the student not only from an educational standpoint, but also from a social and emotional standpoint as well. Behavior interventions should include guidance for future behaviors that will provide a foundation for the student to build on successful encounters with each passing year. The federal government mandates that accommodations be put in place but it is up to the individual school to design the accommodations that fit the individual blind student. Blind students are as diversified as sighted students and as such must have behavioral intervention plans in place that address their individual needs. How to cite The Special Education for the Visually Impaired, Papers

Okefenokee Swamp free essay sample

The author two passages are informative about Florida’s Okefenokee Swamp. The author in Passage 1 supports this claim by using simple sentences to describe the swamp then finally using the last sentence as the negative thing about the swamp. Passage 1’s purpose is to inform tourists so they would want to visit, creating an inviting tone for the audience. The author in passage 2 supports this claim by informing about the smallest to biggest negative things about the swamp, then finally connecting the swamp with a â€Å"hellish zoo†. Passage 2’s purpose is to inform the improvements for the tourists about the swamp, creating a negative tone for the audience being researchers or geologist. Passage 1 uses visual imagery to describe elaborately the positive nature at the Okefenokee Swamp. The â€Å"primitive swamp† is located in â€Å"southeastern Georgia and northern Florida† and is a â€Å"shallow saucer-shaped. † Passage 1 also dramatically uses adjectives to inform about the unique qualities you can find present at the swamp, â€Å"exotic flowers such as floating hearts, and rare orchids† located in the â€Å"open water†. We will write a custom essay sample on Okefenokee Swamp or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Passage 1 informs persuasive material to try to attract tourists to visit but as the passage has sucked the audience in it gives almost a subliminal message about the alligators being present so the visitors will know but ignore it because of all the other positive attracts at the Swamp. Passage 2 uses imagery to describe the downfalls of the swamp. â€Å"Muck, mud, slime, and ooze† which exaggerates the description of the â€Å"Four hundred and thirty thousand Acres. The passage also is very concrete with verbs to inform about how much of a â€Å"misery of life† the swamp is comparing the swamp to a â€Å"hellish zoo†. Passage 2 uses order of organization for the least dangers of the swamp to the greatest dangers. Showing the audience, just because there is â€Å"stinging, biting, and boring insects† there is also hundreds of species with â€Å"beaks, talons, claws, teeth, stingers and fangs. † Although, both passages are informative they are info rming about two very opposite descriptions. Passage 1 uses persuasive imagery while passage 2 uses imagery to bash on the swamp. Passage 1 uses exact factual information for the location, size, bodies of water, vegetation, soil, and wildlife while passage 2 uses adjectives and descriptions for its’ information. Passage 1 has one little warning sign about the only that possibly could be a problem while the whole second passage is a warning sign basically saying not to come. Passage 1 is described to be a peaceful relaxing swamp while passage 2 is a horrid, unwelcoming location. Both passages are informative for some reason. Passage 1 happens to be a positive description of the swamp. It is trying to persuade its’ audience to come and visit this relaxing, peaceful swamp. Passage 2 on the other hand is negative information trying to show its’ audience the improvements needed for the tourists. Then, concluding both passages having an informative purpose. Okefenokee Swamp free essay sample Brimhall AP Language and Composition 3/12/13 As a unique individual, human beings have distinct aspects in which differentiates one from the other. These qualities range from physical appearances to philosophical views to apparent opinions. These are the qualities that make you, you. In the passages based on the Okefenokee Swamp, each writer displays one of these aspects, voice of opinion. In Passage 1, the writer carries on an optimistic sense of style throughout their clause. In contrary, the writer in Passage 2 has negative-affiliated diction to reflect their views and or experiences within Okefenokee. Like the vines twisting and turning in the heart of the swamp for a new world view, each author has a distinct writing style for a new louder voice. The Okefenokee Swamp is buoyantly described as â€Å"meandering channels of open water forming an intricate maze† (18), filled with â€Å"exotic flowers†(19), and â€Å"diverse abundant wildlife†(21-22) in Passage 1. With an idealistic diction, the writer gives the swamp a sense of warm welcoming to the readers. We will write a custom essay sample on Okefenokee Swamp or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In correlation with the buoyant description, the writer also takes their time on giving key facts about the swamp as well. â€Å"Okefenokee Swamp, primitive swamp and wildlife refuge in southeastern Georgia and northern Florida approximately 25 mi wide and 40 mi long†(1-4). The writer then specifies about the wildlife and species inhabited there for a basic apprehension on what lies within the swamp; â€Å"with at least 175 species, of birds and at least 40 species of mammals , which include raccoons, black bear, white-tail deer, bobcats (21-24). As a counter balance, the writer in Passage 2 doesnt share the same admiration as the writer does in Passage 1, if any. By describing the Okefenokee Swamp as â€Å"unfathomable† (1) and â€Å"unconquerable† (1), the readers cant help but imagine the swamp as some sort of wasteland. Although the writer does incorporate the acknowledgment of wildlife, they disregard their niche by describing them as â€Å"stink† (2 6) and how they â€Å" screech through every minute of everyday and night till the place reverberates like some hellish zoo† (27-28). Despite the personal views given by each writer, Okefenokee Swamp inevitably remains as a vast refuge for abundant wildlife. Although both individuals dont see eye to eye, they both share the common interest of articulating their opinions whether it is a positive approach or a negative approach. Either way both opinions are apparent and eloquently expressed.

A Brief Study of Modern Cuba essays

A Brief Study of Modern Cuba essays In this discussion of the Cuban government vs. American government, we must first understand what has shaped Cuba into what it is today. Assuming that the reader is knowledgeable on the subject of U.S. government, we can proceed to explore Cuba and its upbringings and uprisings. President Carlos Pro Socarras brought Cuba into the early 1950's. He was overthrown by General Fulgencio Batista who set up a dictatorship in 1952. The Bautista regime ruled for just over a year. Here now is the introduction of Fidel Castro Ruz, an important actor in shaping (and authoring) Cuban government into what we see today. Castro and Che Guevara were both implemental in revolutionizing Cuba. Castro's Revolution started on July 26, 1953, with 160 rebels attacking a military barracks. Castro had hopes of sparking a popular uprising. But to no avail, he was arrested and sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment. Castro obtained political amnesty in 1955 and was released from prison. He was exiled to Mexico where he organized Cuban exiles into the "26th of July" movement. In 1956 Guevara and Castro returned to Cuba with 81 "26th of July" revolutionaries. They were met with stiff resistance from Batista's army and were driven into the Sierra Maestra Mountains where they regrouped and plotted for guerilla warfare against the Batista regime. The revolutionaries descended from the Sierra Maestra at the end of 1958. With troops deserting on a daily basis and U.S. support dwindling, Batista fled into exile on New Year's Day 1959. The next day Guevara and 600 revolutionaries took Havana. The breakdown of Cuba's authoritarian regime was prompted by a combination of factors, including its political illegitimacy, disrespect for the people's legitimate expectations, and indiscriminate use of repression against political dissidents. Batista's dictatorship had alienated the middle classes. Thus, by the end of the 1950s, the traditional favorite forces...

An Exercise in Identifying Paragraph Breaks in Essays

An Exercise in Identifying Paragraph Breaks in Essays This exercise will give you practice in paragraphingorganizing sentences into unified paragraphs in a coherent essay. InstructionsWhen originally published in 1913, this humorous essay by Homer Croy was divided into 17 paragraphs. The essay has been reprinted here without any line spaces or indentations.Either on your own or in a group, decide where the paragraph breaks should be, and be prepared to explain why. When youre done, compare your version of the essay with the original version of Bathing in a Borrowed Suit. Keep in mind that many arrangements are possible and that your version of the essay may have more than or fewer than 17 paragraphs.   Bathing in a Borrowed Suit by Homer Croy (1883-1965) The desire to be seen on the beach in a borrowed bathing suit is not so strong in me as it once was. An acquaintance, under the guise of friendship, lured me out to his beach one day, saying that he had full rights to the most popular ocean in the world. I had heard his ocean spoken highly of, and I accepted. Unfortunately I forgot to take my bathing suit, but he said that that was nothingthat he had one that would fit me as the paper on the wall. As I recall it those were his exact words. At last he found it in the basement, where it seems that the mice, to get the salt, had helped themselves rather liberally to its none too strong fabric. From the holes in the suit it was easy to see that the party had been a merry one and had not broken up till a late hour. The suit had never been planned for a person of my general architecture. Roughly speaking, I am fashioned along the lines of the Woolworth Building, with a slight balcony effect about the thirty-third floor. The suit had been i ntended for a smallish person given to bathing principally by himself. It was, in its present state, mostly a collection of holes rather insecurely held together with yarn. The waist would have been tight on a doll, while the trunks looked like a pair of pulse-warmers. I tried to find a place to get into the suit, but it stuck together like a wet paper bag. At last I got part way in only to find that my arms were sticking through where a couple of mice had polished off a meal. Finally I felt that I had the suit on and looked in the mirror. I drew back in startled surprise. There were two foreign marks on my body. One I recognized after a moment as being where my collar button had rubbed, but the other was larger. It was a dark splotch as if I had run into the bureau. But, on looking more closely, I saw that it was the bathing suit. Even under the most favorable circumstances, when attired in a bathing suit, I dont live long in the memory of strangers. Rarely ever is my photograph taken by a shore photographer and put up in his exhibition case, and prac tically never does a cluster of people gather around me, talking excitedly with bursts of involuntary applause. My friends were waiting on the lawn for me to join them. Taking a firm grip on my courage I walked out into the yard. The ladies were gaily chatting and smiling until they saw me, when suddenly they closed the conversation and turned to gaze far out over the blue horizon to a dim, distant sail. The ocean looked only a couple of blocks away, but we seemed to walk miles. I was the cynosure of all eyes. I had never been a cynosure before, and in fact didnt know that I had any talent in that line, but now, as a cynosure, I was a great success. When some rude boys came up and began to make personal remarks in the tone that such remarks are usually made in, I abandoned the rest of the party and hurried for the water. I plunged in, but I plunged too hard. My suit had got past the plunging stage. When I came up there was little on me besides the sea foam and a spirit of jollity. The latter was feigned. Something told me to keep to the deep. My friends called me and insisted that I come asho re to play in the sand with them, but I answered that I loved the ocean too well and wanted its sheltering arms around me. I had to have something around me. I must get back to the house and into my clothes. I worked down the beach until I was out of sight, and made a break for the solace of the basement from whence the suit had come. Many people were out walking but I did not join any of them, and as they stared at me, I began to walk faster and faster. Soon I was running. A large dog that I had never seen before rushed at me. I turned around and gave him one lowering look, but he evidently did not catch it, for he came straight on. I looked around for a rock to use for something that I had in mind, but somebody had removed all the desirable ones. So I turned my back to the ill-bred creature and started on. However, this did not cut him the way I had hoped. Instead, he came on with renewed interest. I did not want him to follow me, but this seemed to be his intention, although he had received no encouragement on my part. I sped up and tried to lose him, but my efforts were fruitless, and to make it mor e unpleasant he kept up a loud, discordant barking which jarred on my sensitive ear. I gained the yard and plunged against the door of the house, but some thoughtful person had closed it. I ran around to the rear, but the person had done his work well. So I ran back with some vague hope that the door would be open, although I knew quite well it wouldnt be. My surmises were right. Back the dog and I ran together, while curious passers-by began to stare. I soon found myself almost out of breath, but the dog seemed to be quite fresh. However, I ran back again. At last I came upon a basement door that was open, dived in and shut the door after me. I took particular pains to do that. I continued to remain in the basement. Although the time hung heavily on my hands I did not stroll out to chat with the townspeople. In the course of time my friend returned and looked at me strangely. Arent you feeling well? he asked pityingly. No, I answered sadly. I feel kind of run down. But why did you get in this basement? he asked. It belongs to the man next door. Of late I get all th e bathing I want with a sponge behind closed doors. I would rather have a sponge that has been in the family a long time at my back, than a strange dog similarly located, with whose habits I am not familiar. Bathing in a Borrowed Suit by Homer Croy originally appeared in Life magazine (July 1913) and was reprinted in Our American Humorists by Thomas L. Masson (Moffat, Yard and Company, 1922).

Macro essay question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Macro essay question - Assignment Example The theories of Economic Growth are used to formulate functional relationships in separate economic models. Money, balance of payment, goods and credit functions are made through these theories. According to the theory, demand=supply, when an economy will be in equilibrium producing the optimal level of output. When the economy produces potential output, with the given state of labor, capital and technology resource, then it generates full employment. However, it should be noted that even in the full employment level, an economy can experience a natural unemployment rate of utmost 4.2%. Any changes in the equilibrium are automatically rectified through price and quantity adjustments. Business Cycle and Economic Growth Theories are important because it helps to forecast the AD and potential production level of an economy. The direction of prices and employment opportunities are determined by AD. On the other hand, the long run economic prosperity of a nation is analyzed through its potential production level. However, AD and potential output of an economy experiences a directly proportional relationship with each other. This is because when AD increases, the economic agents of a market invests more in capital, labor and technology and hence reaches the potential production level. During an economic recession, the AD is less than AS of a market. If the interest rates are lowered then the cost of borrowing money will fall. This will enhance the investment opportunities in the market and expand the scopes of foreign trade. The gross employment opportunities will rise with increase in investment expenditure. With devaluation of exchange rates, the exports of the country will become cheaper than the imports. Finally it will generate a higher demand for domestically manufactured relatively inexpensive goods of the economy and hence increase the AD. The market will be out of recession with rise in AD. The consumers’ loyalty towards a

What We Talk About When We Talk About Love by Raymond Carver Research Paper

What We Talk About When We Talk About Love by Raymond Carver - Research Paper Example Mel McGinnis is a forty-five year old cardiologist and Terri is his second wife. Both have been married for four years and have been together for five. Nick, the narrator, and Laura are also married and have been together for only eighteen months. In this short story, What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, Raymond Carver uses symbolism, language and gestures to examine the different kinds of love – spiritual, intellectual, romantic, sensual, brutal, possessive, unrequited and parental love - in order to find the meaning of true love. It is interesting to note that the setting of the story is limited both in terms of time and place. The action of the story takes place as the couples sit around the kitchen table over the course of an evening. No one gets up to do anything else except to get out a second bottle of gin. This â€Å"limited† setting is balanced with the characters’ limited understanding of what â€Å"love† is all about. No one seems to have a firm understanding of what love really is. Each person has his own definition of love. For Mel, love is something spiritual, Terri associates love with violence and possessiveness while Nick and Laura delight in romantic and physical love. At the start of the story, Nick, the narrator, explains that â€Å"The gin and tonic water kept going around, and we somehow got on the subject of love.† Mel insists that spiritual love is the only real love. He believes that â€Å"real love was nothing less than spiritual love.† His background Sebastian 2 as a seminarian before attending medical school has taught him this. The topic of conversation then turns to Terri’s abusive former husband, Ed. Both Terri and Mel debate whether or not Ed really loved Terri. Terri was once married to this man who abused her, a man who â€Å"went dragging me (Terri) around the living room. My head kept knocking on things †¦.(and Terry insists that) People are different , Mel. Sure, sometimes he may have acted crazy. Okay. But he loved me. In his own way maybe, but he loved me. There was love there Mel. Don’t say there wasn’t† (Carver). Mel insists that what Terri and her ex-husband had was not love. â€Å"I sure as hell wouldn’t call it love. †¦. If that’s love, you can have it† (Carver). Ed’s love for Terri was an obsession. He was so obsessed with Terri that he did not want anyone to have her if he could not have her for himself. Ed was a passionate man who could not control his emotions. He resorted to violence when he realized that he had lost Terri to another man. He attempted to kill her but ended up killing himself. Although Terri is a battered woman who was abused by her husband, she still loved him. When Ed was on his death bed, she loved him so much that she sat by his side until the moment he died. Mel finds it hard to believe that there could be love in a relationship where one partner physically abuses the other. He says his definition of love is different in which â€Å"you don’t try to kill people.† Laura, on the other hand, says that she is not in a position to judge whether it was love or not because she is not aware of the circumstances and does not really know what happened. This shows that one’s definition of love is not necessarily shared by others. Professor Fred Moramarco in his essay â€Å"Carver’s Couples Talk About Love†, is of the view that Carver’s stories express â€Å"puzzlement about the odd and battered condition of love in the contemporary world† - â€Å"a world of serial relationships where one year’s love is the next year’s courtroom adversary†. He further reiterates that â€Å"the transience of contemporary Sebastian 3 relationships creates a need for the characters –

Main Body Causes of shyness

Main Body Causes of shyness Shyness is an emotional feeling that affects how a person behaves around others and how they feel about themselves. It can be identified as feeling uncomfortable nervousness, self conscious, timid, insecure or even bashful. It can range from feeling mild to moderate discomfort in one or more areas of a persons life. One might fear to meet new people, attend social gatherings, making cold calls at the work place or speaking in public. Intense shyness is described as social anxiety, panic disorder or social phobia (Gilbert 1). Those people who are shy often experience physical sensations such as feeling speechless, blushing, breathless or even shaky. They avoid doing things to avoid being noticed and usually feel unsure about themselves and the things they do. Most scientists in the field of psychology believe that shyness is a genetic inclination which is caused by the wiring in the brain. The implication is that if the parents are shy, the offspring are bound to be shy as well. Philip Zimbardo and Bernado Carducci argue that the number of shy people seems to be on the increase (McKay 1). They say that technological advances contribute to this phenomenon because it avails opportunities for people to make fewer interpersonal interactions especially through the internet and phones. Shyness in us Shyness may affect just one area of a persons life and hence it is likely that shy individuals may seem outgoing when viewed by another person from outside. We have heard of actors who are timid and shy in the real life circles but when they are on stage they give a brilliant performance. You should be aware that Albert Einstein, Orville Wright and Tom Hanks are among the public figures known to have been/are shy. The reason behind this is not hard to comprehend. When in the workplace we are often given a suitable role to play that legitimizes us in the eyes of other and in our own eyes. The calling of the shots is not necessarily for us but actually on behalf of the company. The rejection of such a call on our behalf is far more personal. If the call was on behalf of the company, its rejection means that the company will take part of the failure. In a study that was published in 1975 by Zimbardo, it showed that 40 percent of the 800 respondents to the survey that he conducted were shy (McKay 1). Twenty years down the line in 1995, Carducci published the results obtained from a similar study. The percentage of people who admitted that they considered themselves shy increased to 48 percent. Many of us consider ourselves shy. However, not all of us allow shyness to define us. Majority of those who experience feelings that might bring out shyness do not give room for shyness to interfere with the desire to pursue personal and professional objectives and targets. Dr Renee who is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist says that he is a recovering shy person as he has never been able to overcome his shyness. Something comes along to catch him off guard just when he thought he had vanquished the shyness. The familiar old feelings of wanting to run for cover, dive under the nearest table and hide come rushing back to him. However, he has learnt how deal with them and they no longer rule his life (Renee 1). As for me, you know those feelings where your temperature rise, the heart start to race and you feel like the stomach has dropped to the feet? They come rushing whenever I encounter shyness. However, these feelings are no longer strong. When they come calling, they are only a blurred memory and last for just a short time because Ive learnt how to deal with shyness. One only needs to know where to begin in countering shyness (Renee 1). Encountering New People and Situations Shyness can be brought out by unfamiliar and new situations such as meeting strangers, talking in front of a group of people for the first time or the first day in school. One is likely to feel shy especially because they are not sure how they should act. The fear of not knowing what will happen when all the eyes on the person and how others will react may bring about shyness. A person who knows what to expect is less likely to be shy. Shy people often take more time in order to get used to a change. They often prefer continuing with what is familiar (Lyness 1). Effects of Shyness on Career There are indications by researchers that shy people begin their careers late in life. Non-shy people start their careers significantly earlier. The shy people are prone to declined promotions. They often choose careers that do not require a lot of interpersonal relations. They are often undecided about the line of profession to pursue. Those people who are shy find it hard to create career identity at the workplace as successful and competent individuals in line with the career track (Macky 1). Self Esteem Shyness especially the extreme variety leads to one becoming very nervous and having difficulty when making a conversation. This is especially if the shy person has to meet strangers who necessitate congeniality. When this happens, the persons self esteem suffers badly. Everybody would want to feel comfortable in all situations, be talkative and be more outgoing. It is embarrassing to be awkward in the company of other people and one feels like they want to run and hide. When you relate talking out with pain and embarrassment, you will do all that is possible to avoid it. This is the driving force behind shy people going into solitude. Introverts are not forced in solitude by this force but they rather prefer it that way (Jonnes 1). Extreme shyness Extreme shyness can be as a result of nature or nurture. If one or both of the parents were shy, it would mean that the shyness is genetically passed from parents to children. If the individual was an outgoing and happy when they were a child, it reflects that the nurturing of the child was probably of abusive nature (Jonnes 1). For people who are naturally quiet, the fear of talking may arise from a few bad experiences especially at the early stages of childhood. When a parent, guardian or any other adults reaction to a childs attempting to express him/herself is dismissive and angry, it is natural for such a child to shy away from trying to express themselves in the future as they take the experience as personal. The fact that such an episode may have occurred once, the human nature is such that people tend to exaggerate such incidents until they become monsters naturally (Overcoming Shyness. 1). Overcoming Shyness Shy people would very much want to be like any other non-shy person in terms of lack of shyness. The origins of shyness are similar to those that cause social phobia only that social phobia is rather serious disorder. Dr Heimberg described social phobia as shyness gone wild (McKay 2). Shyness cuts those who have it from many things that life has to offer such as social interaction, family and love. He further observes that he has researched on treatments aimed at social phobia and shyness. He indicates that individuals who received a particular drug that is aimed at treating depression and cognitive-behavioral therapy showed noteworthy improvement. Those who received drug therapy relapsed but a small percentage of those who were given cognitive-behavioral therapy did. Understanding Oneself One of the key personal approaches to overcoming shyness by the person is recognizing the meaningless perceived sights as they do not help much in escaping from the realities of life. When another person reacts negatively to a shy person, the shy person should not take it personally instead he/she should try to imagine the perspective of the other person. Such perspectives might reflect the other persons attempt to cover their own inadequacies or may be they are in bad mood. Such consideration of the perspective may go a long way in putting the reaction in its proper context. The person should also strive to expose him/herself to social situations such as parties. They should also try to work in environments that expose them to interpersonal communication (Overcoming Shyness 1). It takes practice to overcome shyness. Shy people in most cases give themselves lesser chances to interact with others. It is not surprising as to why shy people are not as socially confident as those individ uals who are outgoing. The more a person practices social behavior, the easier the interaction becomes and the more natural they tend to be for a person. Gradual Progress Taking slow but steady step towards overcoming shyness is critical. When a shy person steps back from a situation that may trigger shyness often keep the shyness at a level which is hard to get past hence reinforcing shyness. One can develop confidence to interact by making one step towards eliminating shyness at a time. Most shy people feel awkward when a situation presents itself. They are afraid that they will feel uncomfortable and awkward (Lyness 2). This perception should not let a person keep away from doing or saying what they want. Feeling awkward in some situations is perfectly normal for any human being. For example, it feels awkward to ask for a first date as you are not sure what the response will be. Keeping away from asking implies that you will never get that much desired date. It is recommendable that shy people seek the advice of a professional psychologist. They should also learn how to manage their shyness. Forget Bad Experiences Fighting to forget bad experiences is fundamental if one is to shake-off shyness. Much more frightening feeling grows other than reality when one dwells on a bad experience. The more an individual thinks about a bad experience, the more powerful the feeling about it becomes. It is unnecessary to keep on blaming oneself about a bad experience. Being true to oneself is important as one cannot change the true inner self. If one has a shy style that is natural or the shyness holds one back, one might consider trying to develop a sense of ease around situations that make them nervous. Majority of shy people find that the more they practice these tactics, the easier socializing becomes. Practicing conversation, assertiveness, confident and friendly body language goes a long way in helping overcome shyness, achieve more enjoyment from daily experiences and build confidence (Lyness 3). Humans are not so Different Those who suffer from shyness should realize and internalize that other individuals are basically the same as themselves. All human beings are insecure and fear embarrassment. Those who are shy should know that other people may not be as smart as one would think. If one has doubts or a question, there are high chances that somebody else is also wondering about the same thing. Conclusion Shyness can range from feeling mild to moderate discomfort in one more areas of a persons life. Intense shyness is described as social anxiety, panic disorder or social phobia. Most scientists in the field of psychology believe that shyness is a genetic inclination which is caused by the wiring in the brain. Shyness can be brought out by unfamiliar and new situations such as meeting strangers, talking in front of a group of people for the first time. Majority of those who experience feelings that might bring out shyness do not give room for shyness to interfere with the desire to pursue personal and professional objectives and targets. One only needs to know where to begin in countering shyness. When a shy person steps back from a situation that may trigger shyness often keep the shyness at a level which is hard to get past hence reinforcing shyness. Everybody would want to feel comfortable in all situations, be talkative and be more outgoing. Letting go of bad experiences is fundame ntal if one is to shake-off shyness. All human beings are insecure and fear embarrassment. Those who suffer from shyness should realize and internalize that other individuals are basically the same as themselves.

Ebenezer Howard

It is said that there were two major inventions in the beginning of the twentieth century; the invention of the airplane, and Ebenezer Howards’ creation of the Garden City. In the 19th century, as a response to extremes of the capitalist order and an alternative to the industrial city, communitarian activity started to search new forms of community. Ebenezer Howard cropped up a new type of human settlement which is more rational for an industrial age, The Garden City. It was a new form of social and economic collaboration with a control and order.Howard aimed to reverse the congestion and spread of the large city through new form of planned community. To build a garden city, Howard needed money to buy land. He decided to get funding from â€Å"gentlemen of responsible position and undoubted probity and honor†. He founded the Garden City Association in 1899, although it took forty years to win a serious consideration from the government. By 1945, government noticed the p roblems of some form of planning and it was the Howard’s contribution to modify a nonconformist vision of community developed in nineteenth century reform circles.The most significant thing is that Howard’s utopian thinking was the transitional figure which connected 19th century reformers to 20th century professional planners. Ebenezer Howard had a better vision for town community life to end the congestion in English cities to build self sufficient colonies in agricultural land. He knew that larger cities didn't create large communities but created alienated lonely separate people whom lacked the sense of a community. According to Howard’s aspect Garden City was the key to bring man to a natural order that would further the social associations necessary for individual fulfillment.In the late 1880’s it all started with the Howard’s â€Å"alluring dream of co-operative commonwealth that would end social discord†. With the inspiration he gain ed from the Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward, he started working on technocratic-socialist utopia. By the early 1890’s Howard started to contact with two groups who were interested in starting colonies. This idea of colonies was first mentioned in Alfred Marshall’s article. He urged that in order to relieve the unemployment and congestion of London’s slums, colonies of factory workers should be placed on agricultural land out of the core.For Howard, the crowded city was the reason that communities can’t survive and the reason for that is the size. So he proposed a communal settlement with a population 32. 000 of to maintain the idea of a community. In his books’s first chapter he formuliazed the ideal city. 6000 acres of cheap rural land are to be purchased, 1000 of which are reserved for the city. A 32,000 person population cap is set, after which a new city will have to be colonized. As far as the design goes, Howard wants to make it as l ittle like the overcrowded London of his day as possible, so public parks and private lawns are everywhere.The roads are incredibly wide, ranging from 120 to 420 feet for the Grand Avenue, and they are radial rather than linear. Commercial, industrial, residential, and public uses are clearly differentiated from each other spatially. With the foundation of The Land Nationalization Society, by Alfred Wallace, the idea of creating labor colonies outside cities to reduce redundancy of joblessness in the urban centers occurred. At one of the meetings of this Society, Howard proposed the formation of a â€Å"Co-operative Commonwealth†, which was described as the subject of a good deal of discussion in recent months in advanced circles.This scheme was supposed to eliminate the landlord and there would be experiments of capitalism. According to Howard’s beliefs Garden City, including the colony systems, was the practical answers to planning problems and should have attracted the majority of the public to start the community. Despite his thoughts, many writers found his ideas ridiculous with the belief of â€Å"towns are not created; they grow† In spite of all the negative feedbacks, The Land Nationalization Society remained important in Howard’s efforts to create a Garden City Association in 1899.For the first years of Associations, it was all about propaganda rather than action. With the lectures, interviews, and tracts Howard’s ideology became widespread and started to be considered as practical and successful. Within few months many council members, engineers, businessmen, architects had joined the Association. Between 1900 and 1901, membership number rose to 500. However, there was no donation enough to buy an estate and place factories. By the end of the 1901, Ralph Neville, Liberal politician and King’s Counsel attended the Association.With his support, events speeded up, in the mean time Howard slipped into a secondary position in the Association. With this changes, also the original scheme changed significantly into a more controlled company. The real idea of the association became a chance and chaos in urban growth. Howard’s garden city became confused in the public minds with a type of low-density suburban development. After Thomas Adam and Ewart Culpin took over the control of the Association, they started the umbrella organization for all housing and planning activity. The whole idea of Howard’s got lost.After eight years of Howard’s death Osborn became active in the Association and tried to resume Howard’s ideology. After World War I, Association played an important role in British town planning. We certainly believe the fact with the concept that Ebenezer Howard’s concept was an make an effort to remove capitalists ‘so as it was accomplished’ despite its some time to what could be done. It was very obvious that his concepts opended up many in dividuals' horizans according to providing a new concept of resident Ebenezer Howard was a great men for urban planning who provided the vision and details of a community for both town and country life.He believed that these two life should be married together in small Garden Cities, each with its own greenbelt. He promoted well-planned towns with careful land zoning and a quality of life. A Garden City would have well designed houses with gardens set in tree lined avenues, clean and healthy work places and a pleasant and healthy environment in which to live, work and follow leisure pursuits. His purpose is to sustain a healthy, natural, and economic combination of town and country life through a balance of work and leisure.In this goal, Howard reflects the ideal and harmonious relationship between the  industry and garden. Industry and agriculture coexist in his ideal community, as do city and countryside, utopia and arcadia. Howard's sense of balance, in this case, the concentri c circles of the Garden City intersected by broad boulevards, assumes that ideal forms will shape and perfect human functions. The overall goal for Howard is to combine the traditional countryside with the traditional town.For too long residents have had to make the unfulfilling choice between living in a culturally isolated rural area or giving up nature to live in a city, but â€Å"human society and the beauty of nature are meant to be enjoyed together. † As he sees it, in a rather Hegelian fashion, in our opinion the two â€Å"magnets† of Town and Country that have in the past pulled people in either direction will, in the future, be synthesized into one â€Å"Town-Country magnet. †Ã‚   Green Belt hich was a part of Howard’s aim was developed for places which did not develop more, it was more like a limitation for cities . However, although that was not a certain remedy, places keep growing. As far as we learn in city planning, cities are living format ions which reshape in years over and over again. At the same time, even though this idea was developed as a feature of non-urban and town which keep growing and its inhabitants increase, this suggestions stayed poor.In conclusion, in spite of this information , the solution for a citites future life depent on the decision of the right problem. Maybe the restriction of population and ground may not be work in today’s societies, but Howard’s proposal could be modified and then, be used. We could modernize it easily in more ecological manner. We could locate it on a brownfield, for example, and follow a more urban, transect based planning scheme. In doing so, according to us, we can keep the heart of Howard’s vision while reforming the logistics per our more advanced knowledge.

The Importance Of The American Dream - 916 Words

During the 21st century, there has been a realignment of both social classes and habits due to the events of the last 20 years that make the American dream of the second half of the 20th century impossible to attain. According to Dictionary.com, the American dream is the ideals of opportunity, freedoms, and equality for all Americans. The American dream can no longer be attained for many reasons, but one big reason would be that people of this generation’s interests are not the same of those of the past. Another reason would be that generations of today’s world are more laid back with their money, and it is not the main priority for them. Is it possible for the American dream to still be alive with these changes in our country? The†¦show more content†¦This shows that people in the past were driven to make different achievements in life than we are in the present. Generations of today are very different from older generations. Another reason to believe th at the American dream is no longer available to the generations of today would be because the generations of today are more laid back with their money while the older generations were very uptight with money. This can be proved with the article Will Millennials ever be able to Retire which was written by the Insured Retirement Institute and The Center for Generational Kinetics in September of 2015. The article supports the claim by stating, Only 29% of Millennials in the study describe themselves as actively preparing for retirement†¦ This shows that Millennials, unlike some of the generations before, are more laid back with their money and are not constantly worrying about things like retirement and financial problems. The same article goes on to state, In fact, 15% of Millennials list winning the lottery as part of their retirement strategy, and 11% expect to be gifted money for retirement. This quote also supports the claim because it is showing that many Millennials do not have a financial plan for their lives. How will this affect this particular generation? ...the majority of Millennials believeShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of The American Dream918 Words   |  4 Pagesthere are some individuals who want the American dream, such as non-Americans. Even though immigrants essentially founded the American dream as the thirteen colonies expanded, current bans preventing entry from certain countries and regulations attempting to deport others seem to rip that dream out of their grasp. Contrary to popular beliefs, the American dream is not the white picket fence vision we were taught in high school history. Instead, the American dream is the desire to live comfortably withinRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream, an ideal first defined by James Truslow Adams in the 1931 novel Epic of America. Adams (1931) defined the dream as, The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be bett er and richer and fuller for everyone... (p. 214). The dream of our ancestors has not changed with the passage of time, but achieving the dream has become much more difficult for the average American. Reviewing data compiled the last few decades paints a bleak picture, wage disparities haveRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream918 Words   |  4 Pageswork through the American Dream, but for one American, Lilly Ledbetter, success has not always come that easily. While working for GoodYear, Ledbetter learned that she was earning less money than her male counterparts. In addition, she was being sexually harassed by her coworkers and punished with poor reviews when she did not comply with their suggestions. As a result, even though Ledbetter worked just as much, if not more, than her male co workers, she was not rewarded as the Dream promises. ThereRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1321 Words   |  6 PagesFormer First Lady, Michelle Obama, eloquently summarized the American Dream at the Democratic National Convention in 2012. â€Å"Barack knows the American Dream because hes lived it...and he wants everyone in this country to have that same opportunity, no matter who we are, or where were from, or what we look like, or who we love. And he believes that when youve worked hard, and done well, and walked through that doorway of opportunity...you do not slam it shut behind you...you reach back, and youRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1363 Words   |  6 Pages its possible to achieve the American dream.† -Tommy Hilfiger. What is the American dream? How is it possible to achieve the American dream if there are large corporations ruining it for the companies trying to reach such dream? 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Fifty-nine percent of those polled in June agreed that â€Å"the American dream has become impossible for most people to achieve. More and more Americans believe there is â€Å"not much opportunity† to get ahead†(Alternet). Many adults of the middle and lower classes American population no longer the American dream is no longer attainable because most if not all of the key elements of the American dream are no longer attainable. With financialRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1732 Words   |  7 PagesTo achieve the American Dream, one must work hard and have the dedication to be successful. There are myths relating to this dream leaving lower class members to wonder if the dream exists for them. People in lower class are told if they want to be successful they must put in hard work and true effort. Once they do, they see that they are remaining in the same position they started in. In â€Å"Class of America-2012,† Gregory Mantsios states the ideas of class in the US and explains them. One myth addressedRead MoreThe Importa nce Of The American Dream773 Words   |  4 PagesThe American dream has changed drastically thru our history. Back in the 1950 and 1960 the American dream was to have the house with the white picket fence and the 2  ½ kids. Now the dream for a lot of people is to be able to pay their bills and maybe have enough money to go out for a nice little dinner that you did not have to cook yourself. The American dream is dead, it is because the concept has changed from the idea that everyone can improve their life through hard work to the idea that everyoneRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream, an ideal first defined by James Truslow Adams in the 1931 novel Epic of America. Adams (1931) defined the dream as, The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone... (p. 214). The dream of our ancestors has not changed with the passage of time, but achieving the dream has become much more difficult for the average American. Reviewing data compiled the last few decades paints a bleak picture, wage disparities have